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   <site>Acronyms .net</site>
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      <label>Acronyms</label>
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      <title>Acronym Finder and Dictionary</title>
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            <label>index</label>
            <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="index.xml">Acronym References</link>
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         <page id="about" name="about">
            <title>About Acronyms .net</title>
            <label>About</label>
            <subpage id="N109E8" name="about-acronyms">
               <label>About</label>
               <p media="handheld">
                  <link class="small nobr" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="/dictionary.xml">Acronym Dictionary</link>
                  <link class="small nobr" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="index.xml#definitions">vs.</link>
                  <link class="small nobr" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="/finder.xml">Acronym Finder</link>
               </p>
               <h1>About Acronyms and Acronyms.net</h1>
               <dl>Acronyms.net TechnologyAcronym Dictionaryvs.Acronym Finder<di>
                     <dt>
                        <h1>Acronyms .net Technology</h1>
                     </dt>
                  </di>All of the web-based acronym references, including the full HTML web pages,
                  mobile web pages and PDF documents on the Acronyms.net site are generated
                  from a single source document created from our database of acronyms.
                  We are currently using MySQL for the acronym database.
               Recursive AcronymsAcronym Dictionaryvs.Acronym Finder<di>
                     <dt>
                        <h1>Definition of <dfn>Recursive Acronyms</dfn>
                        </h1>
                     </dt>
                  </di>Some acronyms and initialisms are themselves made up of other acronyms.
                  Any acronyms with expanded definitions that contain acronyms that can be
                  expanded further are properly called Recursive Acronyms(3).
                  Here are some examples:
               RSSRDF Site SummaryUFDUSB Flash DriveXSDXML Schema Definitionand any acronym definition containing "API"For example, the
                        JAXP acronym, meaning
                        Java API for XML-Based RPC,
                        contains three other acronyms:
                        API,
                        XML and
                        RPC.
                     Other examples of recursive acronyms include:
                        JTA
                           and
                           SAC,
                           for which the acronym definition contains two other acronyms.
                        Note that some initialisms such as the
                  SQL/PL acronym, meaning
                  SQL Procedural Language,
                  and the XHTML-MP acronym, meaning
                  XHTML Mobile Profile,
                  which initially might look like they are recursive, are neither recursive acronyms,
                  since the acronym referenced
                  (SQL and XHTML, respectively)
                  is included in its entirety, nor are they self-referential,
                  since the first word in those acronym definitions reference
                  a different acronym, not the entire acronym itself.
               When other acronym references discuss recursive acronyms,
                  the examples given are almost exclusively
                  Self-Referential Recursive Acronyms.
                  Self-Referential Acronyms
                  are a specific subset of recursive acronyms in general.
               3) Where the word recursive
                  retains its mathematical meaning of application of an algorithm,
                  to the results obtained from previous iterations using the same algorithm.
                  In this case, the recursive function is the acronym generator algorithm,
                  the procedure of using one or more of the initial letters of each word.
               Self-Referential AcronymsAcronym Dictionaryvs.Acronym Finder<di>
                     <dt>
                        <h1>Definition of <dfn>Self-Referential Acronyms</dfn>
                        </h1>
                     </dt>
                  </di>Self-referential acronyms or initialisms are abbreviations
                  with definitions that reference the acronym itself.  That is, the
                  entire acronym is included as one of the words in the acronym meaning.
                  Some examples are:
               GNUGNU's Not UnixPHPPHP: Hypertext PreprocessorSQLSQL Query LanguageVISAVisa International Service AssociationRedundant AcronymsAcronym Dictionaryvs.Acronym Finder<di>
                     <dt>
                        <h1>Definition of <dfn>Redundant Acronyms</dfn>
                        </h1>
                     </dt>
                  </di>Redundant acronym usage, sometimes humorously called
                  RAS Syndrome,
                  occurs when commonly used acronym phrases include one
                  of the words in the acronym itself.  For example:
               ABS systemAnti-lock Braking System system% APRpercent Annual Percentage RateATM machineAutomated Teller Machine machineDSL lineDigital Subscriber Line lineGRE examGraduate Record Examination examGPS systemGlobal Positioning System systemHIV virusHuman Immunodeficiency Virus virusNIC cardNetwork Interface Card cardPIN numberPersonal Identification Number numberPlease RSVPPlease Répondez, S'il Vous PlaÎt
                        (not "Respondez, Sil Vous Plait"), which translates to
                     Please answer, pleaseSATs testsScholastic Assessment Tests testsThe redundancy in some of the acronym phrases above is not necessarily
                  improper. For example, you should be able to discuss a specific piece
                  of personal security information such as your PIN number or a
                  specific virus such as the HIV virus in the singular as much as you
                  could talk about your SSN and PIN numbers or the Herpes and HIV viruses.
                  Experimenting with wording in a plural context may help determine
                  whether to use the redundant acronym in a singular context:
               PIN"I gave him my SSN and PIN and became a victim of identity theft!""I gave him my PIN and became a victim of identity theft!"PIN number"The customers SSN and PIN numbers should always be encrypted.""The customers PIN number should always be encrypted."HIV"We were relieved when our HIV tests were both negative.""I was relieved when my HIV test was negative."HIV virus"We have been trying to find a cure for the Herpes and HIV viruses.""We have been trying to find a cure for the HIV virus."Web ReferencesAcronym DictionaryAcronym FinderAcronym Dictionaryvs.Acronym Finder<di>
                     <dt>
                        <h1>Online Dictionary</h1>
                     </dt>
                  </di>
                  <di>
                     <dt>
                        <h1>Other Online References</h1>
                     </dt>
                  </di>In addition to the online acronym references right here at Acronyms .net, here
                  are some links to other online references you might find useful for developing
                  web sites using HTML:
               HTML-5 ReferenceWeb ReferencesAcronym DictionaryAcronym FinderSemantic WebAcronym Dictionaryvs.Acronym FinderHTML code<di>
                     <dt>
                        <h1>The Semantic Web</h1>
                     </dt>
                  </di>Acronyms .net is not only one site of the
                  Semantic Web
                  but enables web site developers to add semantic content to other web sites.
                  By providing semantic information for any acronyms used on a site, the acronyms
                  become disambiguated.
                  Including this information on a web site also improves the web site's accessibility,
                  by providing additional information for text-to-speech (auditory) browsers,
                  which are used by people with sight disabilities.
               </dl>
            </subpage>
            <subpage id="technology" name="acronym-database">
               <label>Acronyms.net Technology</label>
               <p media="handheld">
                  <link class="small nobr" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="/dictionary.xml">Acronym Dictionary</link>
                  <link class="small nobr" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="index.xml#definitions">vs.</link>
                  <link class="small nobr" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="/finder.xml">Acronym Finder</link>
               </p>
               <h1>Acronyms .net Technology</h1>
               <p>All of the web-based acronym references, including the full HTML web pages,
                  mobile web pages and PDF documents on the Acronyms.net site are generated
                  from a single source document created from our database of acronyms.
                  We are currently using MySQL for the acronym database.
               </p>
            </subpage>
            <subpage id="recursive" name="recursive-acronyms">
               <label>Recursive Acronyms</label>
               <p media="handheld">
                  <link class="small nobr" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="/dictionary.xml">Acronym Dictionary</link>
                  <link class="small nobr" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="index.xml#definitions">vs.</link>
                  <link class="small nobr" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="/finder.xml">Acronym Finder</link>
               </p>
               <h1>Definition of <dfn>Recursive Acronyms</dfn>
               </h1>
               <p>Some acronyms and initialisms are themselves made up of other acronyms.
                  Any acronyms with expanded definitions that contain acronyms that can be
                  expanded further are properly called <dfn>Recursive Acronyms</dfn>
                  <span class="sup">(3)</span>.
                  Here are some examples:
               </p>
               <dl>
                  <di>
                     <dt>
                        <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="r.xml#rdf">
                           <dfn>
                              <abbr>RSS</abbr>
                           </dfn>
                        </link>
                     </dt>
                     <dd>
                        <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="/terms/r/RDF-Site-Summary/">RDF Site Summary</link>
                     </dd>
                  </di>
                  <di>
                     <dt>
                        <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="u.xml#ufd">
                           <dfn>
                              <abbr>UFD</abbr>
                           </dfn>
                        </link>
                     </dt>
                     <dd>
                        <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="/terms/u/USB-Flash-Drive/">USB Flash Drive</link>
                     </dd>
                  </di>
                  <di>
                     <dt>
                        <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="x.xml#xsd">
                           <dfn>
                              <abbr>XSD</abbr>
                           </dfn>
                        </link>
                     </dt>
                     <dd>
                        <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="/terms/x/XML-Schema-Definition/">XML Schema Definition</link>
                     </dd>
                  </di>
                  <di>
                     <dt>and any acronym definition containing "API"</dt>
                     <dd>For example, the
                        <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="j.xml#jaxp">
                           <dfn>
                              <abbr>JAXP</abbr>
                           </dfn>
                        </link> acronym, meaning
                        <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="/terms/j/Java-API-for-XML-Based-RPC/">Java API for XML-Based RPC</link>,
                        contains three other acronyms:
                        <acronym term="Application Programming Interface">API</acronym>,
                        <acronym term="Extensible Markup Language">XML</acronym> and
                        <acronym term="Remote Procedure Call">RPC</acronym>.
                     </dd>
                     <dd>Other examples of recursive acronyms include:
                        <ul>
                           <li>
                              <acronym term="Java Transaction API">JTA</acronym>
                           </li>
                           and
                           <li>
                              <acronym term="Simple API for CSS">SAC</acronym>
                           </li>,
                           for which the acronym definition contains two other acronyms.
                        </ul>
                     </dd>
                  </di>
               </dl>
               <p>Note that some initialisms such as the
                  <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="s.xml#sqlpl">
                     <dfn>
                        <abbr>SQL/PL</abbr>
                     </dfn>
                  </link> acronym, meaning
                  <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="/terms/s/SQL-Procedural-Language/">SQL Procedural Language</link>,
                  and the <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="x.xml#xhtml-mp">
                     <dfn>
                        <abbr>XHTML-MP</abbr>
                     </dfn>
                  </link> acronym, meaning
                  <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="/terms/x/XHTML-Mobile-Profile/">XHTML Mobile Profile</link>,
                  which initially might look like they are recursive, are neither recursive acronyms,
                  since the acronym referenced
                  (<acronym term="">SQL</acronym> and <acronym term="">XHTML</acronym>, respectively)
                  is included in its entirety, nor are they self-referential,
                  since the first word in those acronym definitions reference
                  a different acronym, not the entire acronym itself.
               </p>
               <p>When other acronym references discuss <span class="outlined">recursive acronyms</span>,
                  the examples given are almost exclusively
                  <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="#selfref">Self-Referential Recursive Acronyms</link>.
                  <dfn>Self-Referential Acronyms</dfn>
                  are a specific subset of recursive acronyms in general.
               </p>
               <p>3) Where the word <span class="outlined">recursive</span>
                  retains its mathematical meaning of application of an algorithm,
                  to the results obtained from previous iterations using the same algorithm.
                  In this case, the recursive function is the acronym generator algorithm,
                  the procedure of using one or more of the initial letters of each word.
               </p>
            </subpage>
            <subpage id="self-referential" name="self-referential-acronyms">
               <label>Self-Referential Acronyms</label>
               <p media="handheld">
                  <link class="small nobr" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="/dictionary.xml">Acronym Dictionary</link>
                  <link class="small nobr" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="index.xml#definitions">vs.</link>
                  <link class="small nobr" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="/finder.xml">Acronym Finder</link>
               </p>
               <h1>Definition of <dfn>Self-Referential Acronyms</dfn>
               </h1>
               <p>
                  <dfn>Self-referential acronyms</dfn> or initialisms are abbreviations
                  with definitions that reference the acronym itself.  That is, the
                  entire acronym is included as one of the words in the acronym meaning.
                  Some examples are:
               </p>
               <dl>
                  <di>
                     <dt>
                        <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="g.xml#gnu">
                           <dfn>
                              <abbr>GNU</abbr>
                           </dfn>
                        </link>
                     </dt>
                     <dd>
                        <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="/terms/g/GNUs-Not-Unix/">GNU's Not Unix</link>
                     </dd>
                  </di>
                  <di>
                     <dt>
                        <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="p.xml#php">
                           <dfn>
                              <abbr>PHP</abbr>
                           </dfn>
                        </link>
                     </dt>
                     <dd>
                        <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="/terms/p/PHP-Hypertext-Preprocessor/">PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor</link>
                     </dd>
                  </di>
                  <di>
                     <dt>
                        <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="s.xml#sql">
                           <dfn>
                              <abbr>SQL</abbr>
                           </dfn>
                        </link>
                     </dt>
                     <dd>
                        <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="/terms/s/SQL-Query-Language/">SQL Query Language</link>
                     </dd>
                  </di>
                  <di>
                     <dt>
                        <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="v.xml#visa">
                           <dfn>
                              <abbr>VISA</abbr>
                           </dfn>
                        </link>
                     </dt>
                     <dd>
                        <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="/terms/v/Visa-International-Service-Association/">Visa International Service Association</link>
                     </dd>
                  </di>
               </dl>
            </subpage>
            <subpage id="redundant" name="redundant-acronyms">
               <label>Redundant Acronyms</label>
               <p media="handheld">
                  <link class="small nobr" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="/dictionary.xml">Acronym Dictionary</link>
                  <link class="small nobr" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="index.xml#definitions">vs.</link>
                  <link class="small nobr" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="/finder.xml">Acronym Finder</link>
               </p>
               <h1>Definition of <dfn>Redundant Acronyms</dfn>
               </h1>
               <p>
                  <dfn>Redundant acronym</dfn> usage, sometimes humorously called
                  <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="/terms/r/Redundant-Acronym-Syndrome1.xml">
                     <dfn>
                        <abbr>RAS</abbr>
                     </dfn>
                  </link> Syndrome,
                  occurs when commonly used acronym phrases include one
                  of the words in the acronym itself.  For example:
               </p>
               <dl>
                  <di>
                     <dt>
                        <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="a.xml#abs">
                           <dfn>
                              <abbr>ABS</abbr>
                           </dfn>
                        </link> system</dt>
                     <dd>
                        <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="/terms/a/Anti-lock-Braking-System/">Anti-lock Braking System</link> system</dd>
                  </di>
                  <di>
                     <dt>% <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="a.xml#apr">
                           <dfn>
                              <abbr>APR</abbr>
                           </dfn>
                        </link>
                     </dt>
                     <dd>percent <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="/terms/a/Annual-Percentage-Rate/">Annual Percentage Rate</link>
                     </dd>
                  </di>
                  <di>
                     <dt>
                        <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="a.xml#atm">
                           <dfn>
                              <abbr>ATM</abbr>
                           </dfn>
                        </link> machine</dt>
                     <dd>
                        <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="/terms/a/Automated-Teller-Machine/">Automated Teller Machine</link> machine</dd>
                  </di>
                  <di>
                     <dt>
                        <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="d.xml#dsl">
                           <dfn>
                              <abbr>DSL</abbr>
                           </dfn>
                        </link> line</dt>
                     <dd>
                        <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="/terms/d/Digital-Subscriber-Line/">Digital Subscriber Line</link> line</dd>
                  </di>
                  <di>
                     <dt>
                        <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="g.xml#gre">
                           <dfn>
                              <abbr>GRE</abbr>
                           </dfn>
                        </link> exam</dt>
                     <dd>
                        <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="/terms/g/Graduate-Record-Examination/">Graduate Record Examination</link> exam</dd>
                  </di>
                  <di>
                     <dt>
                        <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="g.xml#gps">
                           <dfn>
                              <abbr>GPS</abbr>
                           </dfn>
                        </link> system</dt>
                     <dd>
                        <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="/terms/g/Global-Positioning-System/">Global Positioning System</link> system</dd>
                  </di>
                  <di>
                     <dt>
                        <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="h.xml#hiv">
                           <dfn>
                              <abbr>HIV</abbr>
                           </dfn>
                        </link> virus</dt>
                     <dd>
                        <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="/terms/h/Human-Immunodeficiency-Virus/">Human Immunodeficiency Virus</link> virus</dd>
                  </di>
                  <di>
                     <dt>
                        <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="n.xml#nic">
                           <dfn>
                              <abbr>NIC</abbr>
                           </dfn>
                        </link> card</dt>
                     <dd>
                        <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="/terms/n/Network-Interface-Card/">Network Interface Card</link> card</dd>
                  </di>
                  <di>
                     <dt>
                        <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="p.xml#pin">
                           <dfn>
                              <abbr>PIN</abbr>
                           </dfn>
                        </link> number</dt>
                     <dd>
                        <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="/terms/p/Personal-Identification-Number/">Personal Identification Number</link> number</dd>
                  </di>
                  <di>
                     <dt>Please <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="r.xml#rsvp">
                           <dfn>
                              <abbr>RSVP</abbr>
                           </dfn>
                        </link>
                     </dt>
                     <dd>Please <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="/terms/r/Repondez-Sil-Vous-Plait/">Répondez, S'il Vous PlaÎt</link>
                        (not "<i>Respondez</i>, Sil Vous Plait"), which translates to
                     </dd>
                     <dd>Please answer, please</dd>
                  </di>
                  <di>
                     <dt>
                        <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="s.xml#sats">
                           <dfn>
                              <abbr>SATs</abbr>
                           </dfn>
                        </link> tests</dt>
                     <dd>
                        <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="/terms/s/Scholastic-Assessment-Tests/">Scholastic Assessment Tests</link> tests</dd>
                  </di>
               </dl>
               <p>The redundancy in some of the acronym phrases above is not necessarily
                  improper. For example, you should be able to discuss a specific piece
                  of personal security information such as your PIN number or a
                  specific virus such as the HIV virus in the singular as much as you
                  could talk about your SSN and PIN numbers or the Herpes and HIV viruses.
                  Experimenting with wording in a plural context may help determine
                  whether to use the redundant acronym in a singular context:
               </p>
               <dl>
                  <di>
                     <dt>
                        <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="/terms/p/Personal-Identification-Number/">PIN</link>
                     </dt>
                     <dd>"I gave him my SSN and PIN and became a victim of identity theft!"</dd>
                     <dd>"I gave him my PIN and became a victim of identity theft!"</dd>
                  </di>
                  <di>
                     <dt>
                        <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="/terms/p/Personal-Identification-Number/">PIN</link> number</dt>
                     <dd>"The customers SSN and PIN numbers should always be encrypted."</dd>
                     <dd>"The customers PIN number should always be encrypted."</dd>
                  </di>
                  <di>
                     <dt>
                        <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="/terms/h/Human-Immunodeficiency-Virus/">HIV</link>
                     </dt>
                     <dd>"We were relieved when our HIV tests were both negative."</dd>
                     <dd>"I was relieved when my HIV test was negative."</dd>
                  </di>
                  <di>
                     <dt>
                        <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="/terms/h/Human-Immunodeficiency-Virus/">HIV</link> virus</dt>
                     <dd>"We have been trying to find a cure for the Herpes and HIV viruses."</dd>
                     <dd>"We have been trying to find a cure for the HIV virus."</dd>
                  </di>
               </dl>
            </subpage>
            <subpage id="N10C17" name="references">
               <label>Web References</label>
               <navigation where="next">
                  <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="/dictionary.xml">Acronym Dictionary</link>
                  <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="/finder.xml">Acronym Finder</link>
               </navigation>
               <p media="handheld">
                  <link class="small nobr" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="/dictionary.xml">Acronym Dictionary</link>
                  <link class="small nobr" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="index.xml#definitions">vs.</link>
                  <link class="small nobr" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="/finder.xml">Acronym Finder</link>
               </p>
               <h1>Online Dictionary</h1>
               <h1>Other Online References</h1>
               <p>In addition to the online acronym references right here at Acronyms .net, here
                  are some links to other online references you might find useful for developing
                  web sites using <acronym term="Hypertext Markup Language">HTML</acronym>:
               </p>
               <ul>
                  <li>
                     <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.HTML-5.com/">HTML-5 Reference</link>
                  </li>
                  <li>
                     <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.WebReferences.com/">Web References</link>
                  </li>
               </ul>
            </subpage>
            <subpage id="N10C4B" name="semantic-web">
               <navigation where="next">
                  <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="/dictionary.xml">Acronym Dictionary</link>
                  <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="/finder.xml">Acronym Finder</link>
               </navigation>
               <label>Semantic Web</label>
               <p media="handheld">
                  <link class="small nobr" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="/dictionary.xml">Acronym Dictionary</link>
                  <link class="small nobr" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="index.xml#definitions">vs.</link>
                  <link class="small nobr" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="/finder.xml">Acronym Finder</link>
                  <link class="small nobr" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="1.xml">HTML code</link>
               </p>
               <h1>The Semantic Web</h1>
               <p>Acronyms .net is not only one site of the
                  <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.SemanticWeb.info/">Semantic Web</link>
                  but enables web site developers to add semantic content to other web sites.
                  By providing semantic information for any acronyms used on a site, the acronyms
                  become <link xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.Disambiguated.com/">disambiguated</link>.
                  Including this information on a web site also improves the web site's accessibility,
                  by providing additional information for text-to-speech (auditory) browsers,
                  which are used by people with sight disabilities.
               </p>
            </subpage>
            <updated local="2009-02-21">Saturday February 21, 2009</updated>
         </page>
      </pages>
   </section>
   <copyright>Copyright © 2009 Acronyms .net. Alteration of content, including addition of any function such as hypertext links or pop-up advertising, or interference with the hypertext links or other functions of this site is expressly prohibited.</copyright>
   <disclaimer>All information, links, forms, applications and other items on this site or obtained from it are provided <b>AS IS</b>, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.</disclaimer>
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